Grouping assignment in 5 minute information....

typhoid fever..

   

What Typhoid fever .

Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.

how is Typhoid fever spread.

Salmonella Typhi lives only in humans. Persons with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and intestinal tract. if the carrier of the bacteria is not proper in their work it may affected to other.

You can get typhoid fever if you eat food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding Salmonella Typhi or if sewage contaminated with Salmonella Typhi bacteria gets into the water you use for drinking or washing food. 

They multiply and spread into the bloodstream. The body reacts with fever and other signs and symptoms.

How can you avoid typhoid fever?

• Avoid risky foods and drinks.
• Get vaccinated against typhoid fever.
• eat or drinks foods that been cooked.
• Avoid raw vegetables and fruits that cannot be peeled.

Getting vaccinated

If you are traveling to a country where typhoid is common, you should consider being vaccinated against typhoid. Visit a doctor or travel clinic to discuss your vaccination options.

Remember that you will need to complete your vaccination at least 1-2 weeks (dependent upon vaccine type) before you travel so that the vaccine has time to take effect.

What are the signs and symptoms of typhoid fever?

Persons with typhoid fever usually have a sustained fever as high as 39° to 40° C. They may also feel weak, or have stomach pains, headache, or loss of appetite.

In certain case, patients have a rash of flat, rose-colored spots.

The only way to know for sure if an illness is typhoid fever is to have samples of stool or blood tested for the presence of Salmonella Typhi.

references

• http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/typhoid_fever

WATERBORNE DISEASE AND FOOD AFTER FLOOD

This is my 1st presentation on CDC ( communicable and non communicable disease) class .


MELIOIDOSIS


   Melioidosis, is an infectious disease that can infect humans or animals. The disease is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei.These bacteria can be found in the source water and contaminated soils such as paddy fields, stagnant water and lakes. It is predominately a disease of tropical climates, especially in Southeast Asia and northern Australia where it is widespread. The bacteria causing melioidosis are found in contaminated water and soil. It is spread to humans and animals through direct contact with the contaminated source. It exists in acute and chronic forms. Signs and symptoms may include pain in chest, bones, or joints; cough; skin infections, lung nodules and pneumonia. after that the incubation period of acute melioidosis was 9 days (range 1–21 days). who at risk patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease who have open wounds should avoid direct contact with contaminated soil and water.
and for prevention we can use the PPE , for farmers need to wear boots that can prevent infection by foot, and gardeners should wear gloves when gardening.

this disease also we can found in malaysia with a new outbreak in the east coast of involved with floods. 





references

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melioidosis
• http://jknselangor.moh.gov.my/documents/pdf/images_pdf/pdf/MELIOIDOSIS.pdf
• http://www.cdc.gov/melioidosis
• http://www.myhealth.gov.my/index.php/melioidosis